Sexually transmitted diseases are contagious diseases which can be transmitted by direct sexual contact between the sick and the healthy person. The carriers of sexually transmitted diseases are microorganisms, germs, viruses, funguses and parasites. Anyone can be affected during vaginal, oral or anal sex with the infected person.
Sexually transmitted diseases are more frequent among adolescents and young people. The young organism is especially sensitive to sexually transmitted diseases.
Sexually transmitted diseases should be taken seriously. If not treated, they can cause heavy damage to fertility and health while some are even lethal. Often without any symptoms, especially at the initial stage, and sometimes unnoticed, so the disease is often diagnosed too late and treated only when permanent damage of general and reproductive health was already made.
Methods of transmitting
Sexually transmitted diseases are transmitted in case of unprotected sexual relations (without condoms) from the infected person to the healthy one during vaginal, anal and oral sex and to a certain extent by other forms of sexual contact HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B are also transmitted by sexual relation, but also by the blood of the infected person or by penetration of the infection carriers into the blood vessel and by the use of infected needles and injections The causes of sexually transmitted diseases can be transmitted from an infected mother to the healthy child during pregnancy, delivery and breast feeding
Most persons infected by sexually transmitted diseases don’t look or feel sick. Those persons might even be unaware of their infection, but are contagious.
We can not get infected by the causes of sexually transmitted diseases by using bowls and the cutlery of the infected person, if the infected person coughs or sneezes or by a handshake or other social contact.
The symptoms
Before the first symptoms occur, weeks, months and sometimes years can pass. There often aren’t any symptoms at all. Without treatment, every infected person remains infected, and in his/her ignorance can transmit the disease to other people.
The most frequent symptoms are:
Heavier or changed secretion from the vagina, penis or anus Sensitivity, stinging and itching of the genital and/or anal area Occurrence of wounds, molds, bubbles or some other lumps or changes on sexual organs, genitals or anal area and/or mouth The sensation of stinging, pain and/or irritation during and after urination Sensitivity and pain during a sexual intercourse Pain and sensitivity in the lower part of the stomach Pain and swelling in the groin
If there are one or more symptoms mentioned above, even in mild forms, or they have already gone, a medical checkup is necessary.
The consequences The most common are:
Heavy inflammation of female and male reproductive organs, Infertility and reduced fertility (sterility, infertility) Spontaneous miscarriages Ectopic pregnancy Pre-stages of cancer including cervix cancer Heart, liver, kidney and brain damages… Death or heavy damage to the child born by an infected mother Death of the infected person
With the exception of AIDS, women are generally more exposed and have more serious consequences of the sexually transmitted diseases than men. In addition, the girls are more vulnerable than adult women in cases of sexually transmitted diseases.
Inflammatory processes develop faster and have more difficult forms among girls. The larger surface of the membrane and anatomic immaturity of the reproductive organs coupled with incomplete hormone activity, make the girls more exposed to carriers of sexual diseases. They are often persuaded or forced to have sexual relations, because they don’t have the strength, the self-confidence and the skills to refuse the undesired sexual relation.
Treatment
Sexually transmitted diseases caused by germs can be treated. These are syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia and the inflammation of the inner organs.
The medicine should be taken according to the practitioner’s recommendation, even if the symptoms have gone. For example, the germ which has not been destroyed can be reproduced and the infection continues and can be transmitted to the sexual partner.
Early diagnosis and timely treatment may decrease the possibility of serious complication – infertility. Early diagnosis and early treatment are very important.
Treatment of both sexual partners simultaneously is compulsory. If the sexual partner is not treated, an infection will occur. After the treatment is completed, a practitioner’s control checkup is necessary.
Sexually transmitted diseases caused by viruses cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be reduced. These are: HPV infection, genital herpes, HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B.
Until the treatment is completed, sometimes even longer, abstention from sexual relations is necessary.
All the sexually transmitted diseases should be treated, because if they are not treated – in spite of the symptom disappearance, the inflammatory process continues.
The causes of sexually transmitted diseases can be transmitted to every sexual partner from the moment of infection, before or during treatment, even when the symptoms are mild or if there aren’t any.
Every sexually transmitted disease can be treated by different means – tablets, injections, suppositories, vaginal inserts or creams
Both the former and present sexual partners should be warned of the infection.
Prevention
No one should get infected by sexually transmitted diseases. They can all be prevented. There are several possibilities of protection against sexually transmitted diseases.
Abstinence is the safest protection from sexually transmitted diseases. Abstinence is restraining from the sexual relation. Delay the beginning of the sexual relations for a later age. Instead, you can choose to kiss, hug or massage…
Faithfulness – Always have sexual relations with the same person, who is not infected and has no other sexual partners. This means safe sex.
Preservative – Always, during every sexual relation, use latex preservatives with spermicidal substances (Nonoxynol-9). The use of condoms decreases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases to the lowest possible level. This refers to the use of femidoms, the women’s preservatives. Use the preservatives adequately and consequently. This is safe sex. Avoiding risky sexual behavior and use of protection during sexual relations decreases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases.
Safe sex includes:
Sexual relations in a long lasting, mutually faithful connection of two healthy partners Avoiding contact with the sperm fluid, menstrual blood or vaginal secretion Proper and consistent use of quality preservatives for the vaginal, oral and anal sexual relation Use of spermicidal substances (Nonoxynol-9) as an additional protection to the preservatives Not having sexual relations with a person who intravenously enjoys drugs or used to it in the past Not getting into the sexual relations with unknown persons
REMEMBER:
A preservative should be applied in combination with some other method of contraception, which doesn’t protect from sexually transmitted diseases (for example, hormone pill). Anal sexual intercourses are more risky than vaginal or oral, even if a preservative is used. Right after every sexual relations you should urinate and wash yourself. The persons having any of the sexually spread diseases are ten times more exposed to the risk of HIV infection. Don’t have a sexual relation with a person who is taking drugs intravenously, or did in the past. Drug addicts are often infected or suffer from incurable sexually transmitted diseases (hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS).
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